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Myra L. Muramoto, MD, MPH^*; Scott J. Leischow, PhD^*; Duane Sherrill, PhD; Eva Matthews, MPH; Louise J. Strayer, BSc, RN, MSc

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(11):1068-1074.

Objective  To assess the safety and efficacy of sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride for adolescent smoking cessation.

Design  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial.

Setting  Metropolitan areas of Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona.

Participants  Adolescents (N = 312) recruited through media and various community venues from March 1, 1999, through December 31, 2002, who were aged 14 to 17 years, smoked 6 or more cigarettes per day, had an exhaled carbon monoxide level of 10 ppm or greater, had at least 2 previous quit attempts, and had no other current major psychiatric diagnosis.

Intervention  Sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride, 150 mg/d (n = 105) or 300 mg/d (n = 104), or placebo (n = 103) for 6 weeks, plus weekly brief individual counseling. Subjects were followed up at 12 weeks (by telephone call) and 26 weeks.

Main Outcome Measure  Confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 6 weeks and 30-day prolonged abstinence (carbon monoxide level < 10 ppm at each visit; urinary cotinine level  50 µg/L at weeks 2 and 6).

Results  Cotinine-confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates at 6 weeks were as follows: placebo, 5.6%; 150 mg, 10.7%; and 300 mg, 14.5% (P = .03, 300 mg vs placebo). At 26 weeks, confirmed point prevalence abstinence rates were as follows: placebo, 10.3%; 150 mg, 3.1%; and 300 mg, 13.9% (P = .049). During treatment, confirmed point prevalence rates were significantly higher for 300 mg than placebo at every week except week 4.

Conclusions  Sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride, 300 mg/d, plus brief counseling demonstrated short-term efficacy for adolescent smoking cessation. Abstinence rates were lower than those reported for adults, with rapid relapse after medication discontinuation.

Trial Registration  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00344695

Author Affiliations: Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine (Drs Muramoto and Leischow and Ms Matthews); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona (Drs Muramoto and Sherrill); and Department of Psychology, University of Arizona (Ms Strayer), Tucson.

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