 |
|
Sleep Behavior in an Urban US Sample of School-aged Children
James C. Spilsbury, PhD;
Amy Storfer-Isser, MS;
Dennis Drotar, PhD;
Carol L. Rosen, MD;
Lester H. Kirchner, PhD;
Heather Benham, MSN;
Susan Redline, MD
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:988-994.
Objectives To describe sleep behavior of elementary school-aged children and to assess variations by age, sex, and ethnicity.
Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional analysis of 755 (50% female, 35% ethnic minority) children 8 to 11 years old from a community-based sample of children participating in a cohort study. Sleep and health data were obtained from a child-completed 7-day sleep journal and a caregiver-completed health/sleep questionnaire.
Main Outcome Measure Mean nightly sleep duration; bedtime 11 PM or later.
Results Mean (SD) sleep duration for all children was 9.63 (0.72) hours. Univariate results showed a statistically significant decrease in mean sleep duration associated with increasing age (P < .001) and male sex (P = .03). At all ages, minority boys slept significantly less than nonminority boys and girls and minority girls. The shortest covariate-adjusted mean sleep duration was observed among the oldest minority boys (9.28 [0.07] hours vs 9.43-9.85 hours in the other age, sex, and ethnicity subgroups). Forty-three percent of 10- to 11-year-old minority boys reported less than 9 hours nightly sleep vs 5% to 26% of the other age, sex, and ethnicity subgroups. After controlling for potential confounding, minority children were more likely than nonminority children to have a bedtime of 11 PM or later (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.9-8.0).
Conclusions A sizeable proportion of elementary schoolchildren sleep less than the recommended 9 hours. Across the age range, decreases in sleep time and, in ethnic minorities, increasingly delayed bedtimes suggest emerging sleep restriction in preadolescents. Observed ethnic differences in sleep behavior highlight the need for better understanding of the social and environmental influences encouraging these sleep patterns.
Author Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Behavioral Pediatrics and Psychology (Drs Spilsbury and Drotar) and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ms Storfer-Isser and Drs Rosen, Kirchner, and Redline), Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, and Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing; Case Western Reserve University (Ms Benham), Cleveland, Ohio.
RELATED LETTERS
Sleep Behavior in an Urban US Sample of School-Aged Children: A Critical Appraisal
Andrew Currie
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(8):787.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Sleep Behavior in an Urban US Sample of School-Aged Children: A Critical Appraisal—Reply
James C. Spilsbury, Amy Storfer-Isser, Dennis Drotar, Carol L. Rosen, H. Lester Kirchner, Heather Benham, and Susan Redline
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(8):787-788.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Sleep Disturbances in School-age Children with Chronic Pain
Long et al.
J Pediatr Psychol 2008;33:258-268.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep-disordered Breathing in Adolescents
Redline et al.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007;176:401-408.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Pediatric Sleep Apnea: Implications of the Epidemic of Childhood Overweight
Ievers-Landis and Redline
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007;175:436-441.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Reduced Time in Bed and Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children Are Associated With Cognitive Impairment
Suratt et al.
Pediatrics 2007;119:320-329.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Sleepless in America: Inadequate Sleep and Relationships to Health and Well-being of Our Nation's Children
Smaldone et al.
Pediatrics 2007;119:S29-S37.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Cognitive Function and Behavior of Children With Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy Suspected of Having Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Suratt et al.
Pediatrics 2006;118:e771-e781.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Sleep Behavior in an Urban US Sample of School-Aged Children: A Critical Appraisal
Currie
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159:787-787.
FULL TEXT
|
