 |
 |

Association Between Swimming Lessons and Drowning in ChildhoodA Case-Control Study
Ruth A. Brenner, MD, MPH;
Gitanjali Saluja Taneja, PhD;
Denise L. Haynie, PhD;
Ann C. Trumble, PhD;
Cong Qian, MS;
Ron M. Klinger, MBA;
Mark A. Klebanoff, MD, MPH
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(3):203-210.
Objective To estimate the association between swimming lessons and the risk of drowning among children aged 1 to 19 years.
Design Case-control study.
Setting Cases were identified from medical examiners/coroners' offices between mid-2003 and mid-2005. Jurisdictions included the states of Maryland and North Carolina, 14 districts (33 counties) in Florida, 3 counties in California, 1 county in Texas, and 1 county in New York.
Participants Cases were children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years who died of unintentional drowning. Interviews were conducted with 88 families of children who drowned and 213 matched controls.
Main Exposure Swimming lessons.
Main Outcome Measure Death due to unintentional drowning. Drownings that were intentional, of undetermined intent, or that occurred under conditions in which swimming ability was unlikely to impact risk (eg, in ice water or bathtubs) were excluded.
Results Of the 61 cases in the 1- to 4-year age group, 2 (3%) had participated in formal swimming lessons vs 35 of 134 matched controls (26%) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.97). Among the 27 cases aged 5 to 19 years, 7 (27%) had ever taken formal swimming lessons vs 42 of 79 matched controls (53%) (adjusted OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.09-1.51). In adjusted analyses, there was no statistically significant association between informal instruction and drowning risk.
Conclusions Participation in formal swimming lessons was associated with an 88% reduction in the risk of drowning in the 1- to 4-year-old children, although our estimates were imprecise and 95% CIs included risk reductions ranging from 3% to 99%.
Author Affiliations: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda (Drs Brenner, Taneja, Haynie, Trumble, and Klebanoff), and Westat, Inc (Dr Taneja and Mr Klinger) and Allied Technology Group, Inc (Mr Qian), Rockville, Maryland.
CiteULike Connotea Delicious Digg Facebook Reddit Technorati Twitter
What's this?
RELATED LETTERS
Not One More Child Drowns
Jennifer Belzel Ward
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(10):961.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Formal Swimming Lessons Must Be Defined
William David Carr
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(10):961-962.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Formal Swimming Lessons Must Be Defined—Reply
Gitanjali Taneja and Ruth A. Brenner
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(10):962.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Swimming Proficiency in a Multiethnic Sample in a High-Risk Area for Drowning
Christopher J. Siano, Sarah E. Messiah, Lili Banan, Kristopher Arheart, and Barbara Pena
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(3):299-300.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
RELATED ARTICLES
This Month in Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(3):199.
FULL TEXT
Prevention of Drowning: The Time Is Now
Frederick P. Rivara
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(3):277-278.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Water Safety and Swimming Lessons for Children
Megan A. Moreno, Fred Furtner, and Frederick P. Rivara
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(3):288.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
 |
Trends in US Pediatric Drowning Hospitalizations, 1993-2008
Bowman et al.
Pediatrics 2012;129:275-281.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Fatalities in swimming pools with lifeguards: USA, 2000-2008
Pelletier and Gilchrist
Inj. Prev. 2011;17:250-253.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Pediatric Submersion Events in Portable Above-Ground Pools in the United States, 2001-2009
Shields et al.
Pediatrics 2011;128:45-52.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The Legacy of Fear: Is Fear Impacting Fatal and Non-Fatal Drowning of African American Children?
Irwin et al.
Journal of Black Studies 2011;42:561-576.
ABSTRACT
Lifestyle and Lung Health in Children and Adolescents: Children's Way of Life and Their Respiratory Health
Carlsen
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2011;5:101-103.
ABSTRACT
Drowning and sudden cardiac death
Kenny and Martin
Arch. Dis. Child. 2011;96:5-8.
FULL TEXT
Prevention of Drowning
Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Preventi
Pediatrics 2010;126:178-185.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Prevention of Drowning
Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Preventi and Weiss
Pediatrics 2010;126:e253-e262.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Swimming Proficiency in a Multiethnic Sample in a High-Risk Area for Drowning
Siano et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;164:299-300.
FULL TEXT
Home Injuries: Potential for Prevention
Mack and DeSafey Liller
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2010;4:75-81.
ABSTRACT
Not One More Child Drowns
Belzel Ward
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:961-961.
FULL TEXT
Formal Swimming Lessons Must Be Defined
Carr
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:961-962.
FULL TEXT
Swimming Lessons May Lessen Risk of Drowning
Sweney
AAP Grand Rounds 2009;21:61-61.
FULL TEXT
Prevention of Drowning: The Time Is Now
Rivara
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:277-278.
FULL TEXT
|