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Molinda M. Chartrand, MD; Deborah A. Frank, MD; Laura F. White, PhD; Timothy R. Shope, MD, MPH

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162(11):1009-1014.

Objective  To describe the effect of wartime military deployments on the behavior of young children in military families.

Design  Cross-sectional study.

Setting  Childcare centers on a large Marine base.

Participants  Parents and childcare providers of children aged 1 to 5 years enrolled in on-base childcare centers.

Main Exposure  Parental deployment.

Outcome Measures  Mean externalizing, internalizing, and total symptom scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (1-5 years) and the CBCL–Teacher Report Form (TRF) (1-5 years).

Results  One hundred sixty-nine of 233 consenting families (73%) participated. Nonresponders did not differ from responders in their child's age or TRF scores. Fifty-five children (33%) had a deployed parent. Parents with children aged 3 years or older and a deployed spouse had significantly higher depression scores than those without a deployed spouse. There were no differences in the demographic characteristics between groups. After controlling for respondent's age, stress and depressive symptoms, deployed service member's rank, and total number of children in the home, we found an age by deployment interaction: children aged 3 years or older with a deployed parent had significantly higher CBCL externalizing and total scores (externalizing, 48.50 vs 43.31, P < .05; total, 47.71 vs 42.68, P < .05) and externalizing and total TRF scores (externalizing, 50.21 vs 45.62, P < .05; total, 48.54 vs 43.73, P < .05) compared with same-aged peers without a deployed parent.

Conclusions  This study is the first to show that children aged 3 years or older with a deployed parent exhibit increased behavioral symptoms compared with peers without a deployed parent after controlling for caregiver's stress and depressive symptoms.

Author Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center (Drs Chartrand and Frank), and Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (Dr White), Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pediatrics, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia (Dr Shope).

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