• Online Features  This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (41)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Topic Collections  • Pediatrics  • Adolescent Medicine  • Public Health  • Tobacco  • Humanities  • Medicine and the Media  • Alert me on articles by topic  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Christine Jackson, PhD; Jane D. Brown, PhD; Kelly L. L’Engle, PhD

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(3):260-268.

Objective  To test movie exposure and television use as predictors of smoking initiation among white and black adolescents who had never smoked cigarettes.

Design  Survey research using audio computer-assisted self-interviews at baseline and at 2-year follow-up (2002-2004).

Setting  Participants' homes located in central North Carolina.

Participants  A sample of 735 12- to 14-year-old adolescents drawn from 14 public middle schools.

Main Exposure  Frequency of exposure to movies rated R, PG-13, PG, or G; frequency, location, and parental oversight of television viewing.

Main Outcome Measure  Initiation of smoking, indicated by the first occasion of puffing on a cigarette.

Results  Among white adolescents, high relative exposure to R-rated movies predicted a significantly greater likelihood of smoking initiation at follow-up, and private access to television during early adolescence, indicated by having a bedroom television, was also a significant independent predictor of smoking initiation at follow-up. No significant associations were observed between any movie-exposure or television-use variables and likelihood of smoking among black adolescents.

Conclusions  Indicators of risky media use were associated with a significantly greater likelihood of smoking for white but not for black adolescents. These results diverge strongly from past results, which have indicated that all adolescents, regardless of race or place of residence, have a higher risk of smoking initiation as their exposure to movie smoking increases. Research is needed to identify the antecedents of risky media use and to understand how audience attributes, including race and other factors, moderate the effects of risky media use on health-related behaviors.

Author Affiliations: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Chapel Hill Center (Dr Jackson), and School of Journalism and Mass Communication (Drs Brown and L’Engle), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.

CiteULike    Connotea    Delicious    Digg    Facebook    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

High youth access to movies that contain smoking in Europe compared with the USA
Hanewinkel et al.
Tobacco Control 2011;0:tobaccocontrol-2011-05005-tobaccocontrol-2011-05005.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Exposure to smoking in films and own smoking among Scottish adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Hunt et al.
Thorax 2011;66:866-874.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smoking in movies and adolescent smoking: cross-cultural study in six European countries
Morgenstern et al.
Thorax 2011;66:875-883.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Depictions of Tobacco Use in 2007 Broadcast Television Programming Popular Among US Youth
Cullen et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011;165:147-151.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media
Strasburger and The Council on Communications and Media
Pediatrics 2010;126:791-799.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sexuality, Contraception, and the Media
Strasburger and The Council on Communications and Media
Pediatrics 2010;126:576-582.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Health Effects of Media on Children and Adolescents
Strasburger et al.
Pediatrics 2010;125:756-767.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Exposure to Smoking Imagery in the Movies and Experimenting with Cigarettes among Mexican Heritage Youth
Wilkinson et al.
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:3435-3443.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Does Film Smoking Promote Youth Smoking in Middle-Income Countries?: A Longitudinal Study among Mexican Adolescents
Thrasher et al.
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:3444-3450.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Media Violence
Council on Communications and Media
Pediatrics 2009;124:1495-1503.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relation Between Socioeconomic Status and Body Mass Index: Evidence of an Indirect Path via Television Use
Morgenstern et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:731-738.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Movie Character Smoking and Adolescent Smoking: Who Matters More, Good Guys or Bad Guys?
Tanski et al.
Pediatrics 2009;124:135-143.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Does Watching Smoking in Movies Promote Teenage Smoking?
Heatherton and Sargent
Current Directions in Psychological Science 2009;18:63-67.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Longitudinal Study of Exposure to Entertainment Media and Alcohol Use Among German Adolescents
Hanewinkel and Sargent
Pediatrics 2009;123:989-995.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Comparing the effects of entertainment media and tobacco marketing on youth smoking
Sargent et al.
Tobacco Control 2009;18:47-53.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cigarette Smoking and Perception of a Movie Character in a Film Trailer
Hanewinkel
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:15-18.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

What should be done about smoking in movies?
Chapman
Tobacco Control 2008;17:363-367.
FULL TEXT  

Exposure to Smoking in Internationally Distributed American Movies and Youth Smoking in Germany: A Cross-cultural Cohort Study
Hanewinkel and Sargent
Pediatrics 2008;121:e108-e117.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Exposure to Smoking Depictions in Movies: Its Association With Established Adolescent Smoking
Sargent et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007;161:849-856.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT