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Hepatitis C Prevalence in Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Enrolled in a Long-term Follow-up Protocol
Susan Schuval, MD;
Russell B. Van Dyke, MD;
Jane C. Lindsey, ScD;
Paul Palumbo, MD;
Lynne M. Mofenson, MD;
James M. Oleske, MD;
Joseph Cervia, MD;
Andrea Kovacs, MD;
Wayne N. Dankner, MD;
Elizabeth Smith, MD;
Barbara Nowak;
Gregory Ciupak;
Nancy Webb;
Michelle Eagle;
Dorothy Smith;
Roslyn Hennessey;
Melissa Goodman-Kerkau;
Myron J. Levin, MD; for the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 1028S Team
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:1007-1013.
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Design Cross-sectional substudy.
Setting Multicenter study from 41 sites in the United States.
Patients Children with perinatal HIV infection were randomly selected from a large, long-term, follow-up protocol.
Main Outcome Measure Hepatitis C infection was defined as having positive test results on both HCV antibody and HCV RNA assays.
Results Five hundred thirty children enrolled in the substudy; definitive HCV test results were available for 525 children. Eighty-three percent were of a minority race or ethnicity.They were equally distributed by sex, had a median age of 10.7 years, and were relatively healthy, with 75% having CD4+ lymphocyte counts greater than 500 cells/mm3. Eight of 525 children (1.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7%-3.0%) infected with HIV were coinfected with HCV. In contrast, the rate of HCV infection in a serosurvey of more than 2700 children aged 6 to 11 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was 0.2% (95% CI, 0.04%-0.6%). In our study, there were no differences between children coinfected with HIV and HCV and those without HCV infection in terms of demographic characteristics, CD4+ or CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts, HIV 1 RNA levels, preterm or mode of delivery, or liver disease; however, the number of children coinfected with HIV and HCV was small.
Conclusion While HCV prevalence infection rates are low in children with perinatal HIV infection, they are 8 to 10 times higher than reported in HCV serosurveys of children in the United States.
Author Affiliations: Schneider Children’s Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY (Drs Schuval and Cervia); Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La (Dr Van Dyke); Statistical and Data Analysis Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass (Dr Lindsey); University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark (Drs Oleske and Palumbo); National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Md (Dr Mofenson); University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (Dr Kovacs); PAREXEL International and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Dr Dankner); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md (Dr Smith); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (Dr Nowak, Mr Ciupak, and Ms Web) University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville (Ms Eagle); University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester (Ms D. Smith); Westat, Inc, Rockville (Ms Hennessey); University of North Carolina Retrovirology Core Laboratory, Chapel Hill, NC (Ms Goodman-Kerkau); and the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver (Dr Levin).
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Coinfection With Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 in Children: Pathogenesis and Screening
Martin et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159:598-599.
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