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A Randomized Intervention Since Infancy to Reduce Intake of Saturated Fat
Calorie (Energy) and Nutrient Intakes Up to the Age of 10 Years in the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project
Sanna Talvia, MSc;
Hanna Lagström, PhD;
Minna Räsänen, PhD;
Mari Salminen, MSc;
Leena Räsänen, PhD;
Pia Salo, MD, PhD;
Jorma Viikari, MD, PhD;
Tapani Rönnemaa, MD, PhD;
Eero Jokinen, MD, PhD;
Tero Vahlberg, MSc;
Olli Simell, MD, PhD
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:41-47.
Objective To evaluate the longitudinal impact of dietary counseling on children's nutrient intake.
Design A prospective, randomized, clinical trial.
Participants Children were recruited to the study between December 1, 1989, and May 30, 1992. At the age of 7 months, children were randomized to the intervention group (n = 540) or the control group (n = 522) and were followed up until the age of 10 years.
Intervention Families in the intervention group have, since randomization, received regularly individualized counseling about how to modify the quality and quantity of fat in the child's diet, the goal being an unsaturated-saturated fat ratio of 2:1.
Main Outcome Measures Nutrient intakes between the ages of 4 and 10 years based on annual 4-day food records.
Results The fat intake of the intervention children was constantly around 30% of the calorie (energy) intake, while that of the control children was 2 to 3 calorie percentage units higher (P<.001). The intervention children received 2 to 3 calorie percentage units less saturated fats and 0.5 to 1.0 calorie percentage unit more polyunsaturated fats than the control children (P<.001 for both). However, neither group reached the 2:1 goal set for the unsaturated-saturated fatty acid ratio. The vitamin and mineral intakes of the intervention and control children closely resembled each other despite the marked differences in fat intake.
Conclusion Individualized, biannually given, fat intake–focused dietary counseling that began at the child's age of 8 months continued to influence favorably the diet of 4- to 10-year-old intervention children without disadvantageous dietary effects, but the 2:1 goal for unsaturated-saturated fat ratio was not reached.
From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (Mss Talvia and Salminen and Dr Lagström) and the Departments of Medicine (Drs Viikari and Rönnemaa), Biostatistics (Mr Vahlberg), and Pediatrics (Dr Simell), University of Turku, Turku; the Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere (Dr M. Räsänen); the Division of Nutrition (Dr L. Räsänen) and the Hospital for Children and Adolescents (Dr Jokinen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; and Raisio Life Sciences Ltd, Raisio (Dr Salo), Finland.
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