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Tobacco Use Outcomes of Adolescents Treated Clinically for Nicotine Dependence
Christi A. Patten, PhD;
Steven C. Ames, PhD;
Jon O. Ebbert, MD;
Troy D. Wolter, MS;
Richard D. Hurt, MD;
Thomas R. Gauvin, MS
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155:831-837.
Objective To evaluate the tobacco use outcomes and baseline characteristics of
adolescents treated for nicotine dependence.
Design Retrospective cohort study.
Setting Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center, Rochester, Minn.
Patients Ninety-six adolescents (60 boys, 36 girls) receiving clinical services
for treatment of nicotine dependence between January 1, 1988, and November
30, 1997. Their mean age was 15.6 years (range, 11-17 years), and 91.7% were
white.
Intervention The Nicotine Dependence Center intervention involves a 45-minute consultation
with a nicotine dependence counselor. A treatment plan individualized to the
patient's needs is then developed. Telephone follow-up is conducted at 6 and
12 months. As part of this study, a long-term follow-up was conducted by telephone
at a mean of 5.3 years (range, 1.6-10.6 years) following the intervention.
Main Outcome Measures Self-reported 7-day point-prevalence abstinence from tobacco at 6 and
12 months, and 30-day point-prevalence tobacco abstinence at the long-term
follow-up.
Results The tobacco abstinence rates were 17.7% (17/96 patients) at 6 months,
7.3% (7/96 patients) at 12 months, and 11.5% (11/96 patients) at the long-term
follow-up. A high proportion of the sample had smoking-related medical morbidity
and psychiatric diagnoses documented in the medical record prior to or at
the time of the intervention.
Conclusions Adolescents utilize the medical community to seek treatment for nicotine
dependence. The 6-month tobacco abstinence rate is higher than the estimates
of the natural history of smoking cessation in adolescents. Medical and psychiatric
diagnoses are common in this population.
From the Nicotine Dependence Center (Drs Patten, Ames, and Hurt, and
Mr Gauvin), the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (Dr Patten), the Department
of Internal Medicine (Dr Ebbert), and the Section of Biostatistics (Mr Wolter),
the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
Corresponding author and reprints: Christi A. Patten, PhD, Nicotine
Dependence Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 (e-mail: patten.christi{at}mayo.edu).
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