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Maternal and Paternal Recreational Drug Use and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Hillary Klonoff-Cohen, PhD;
Phung Lam-Kruglick, MA
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155:765-770.
Objective To determine whether maternal or paternal use of cocaine, opiates, or
marijuana during conception and pregnancy and postnatally increases the risk
of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) during the first year of the infant's
life. This is an important issue and may prove useful in further decreasing
the rate of SIDS.
Methods A case-control study was conducted consisting of 239 infants who died
of SIDS in southern California between 1989 and 1992, and 239 healthy infants
who were matched on the basis of birth hospital, date of birth, age, and sex.
Specific drug use at the period of conception, during pregnancy and breastfeeding,
and in the presence or vicinity of the infant was ascertained by telephone
for the white, African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and Pacific Islander
case and control fathers and mothers.
Results Maternal recreational drug use during pregnancy was not associated with
the risk of SIDS after adjusting for maternal smoking during pregnancy (adjusted
odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-6.5). There were
statistically significant differences between case and control fathers' use
of marijuana during conception (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.2; P = .01), during pregnancy (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.1; P = .05), and postnatally (OR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1-7.3; P = .04) and the risk of SIDS, while adjusting for paternal smoking
and alcohol use.
Conclusions There was no association between maternal recreational drug use and
SIDS. Paternal marijuana use during the periods of conception and pregnancy
and postnatally were significantly associated with SIDS. The role of paternal
psychoactive drug use, especially the relationship between marijuana and SIDS,
is an understudied area; however, before any definitive role for the father
can be confirmed, these findings should be investigated and replicated in
future studies.
From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of
California, San Diego.
Corresponding author and reprints: Hillary Klonoff-Cohen, PhD, Department
of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of
California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, 0607, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607.
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ABSTRACT
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