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Impact of Problem-Based Learning on Residents' Self-directed Learning
Philip O. Ozuah, MD, MSEd;
Jane Curtis, MD;
Ruth E. K. Stein, MD
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155:669-672.
Objective To examine the effect of a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum on
self-directed learning behaviors among a group of pediatric residents.
Methods A controlled comparison study was conducted with 80 pediatric residents
at a large urban academic medical center. Residents were observed over 3 distinct
but consecutive periods. First, all residents participated in a 3-month-long
daily lecture series (pre-exposure phase). Then, for another 3 months, 39
residents (PBL group) were exposed to twice-weekly PBL sessions while 41 residents
continued with the daily lectures (lecture-based group) and served as controls.
Problem-based learning was withdrawn after 3 months and all residents returned
to the lecture series (follow-up phase). Residents' self-directed learning
behaviors were assessed through self-administered questionnaires during the
pre-exposure, exposure, and follow-up phases.
Results There were no significant preexposure differences in self-directed learning
behaviors between the groups. During the exposure phase, the PBL group had
significantly higher self-directed learning: 5 or more hours of independent
study (2% vs 7%) (P= .001); 5 or more hours of medical discussions
(28% vs 4%) (P= .008); 2 or more computer literature searches
(51% vs 30%) (P= .005); and total hours of self-study per week
(6 vs 4 hours) (P<.05). At the 3-month follow-up, the PBL
group had returned to baseline levels of self-directed learning and there
were no significant differences between the groups.
Conclusion Residents exposed to PBL engaged in significantly higher levels of self-directed
learning than their counterparts.
From the Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
and the Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY.
Corresponding author: Philip O. Ozuah, MD, MSEd, Montefiore Medical
Center, 3544 Jerome Ave, Bronx, NY 10467 (e-mail: pozuah{at}pol.net).
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