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Lawrence D. Hammer, MD; Susan Bryson, MS; W. Stewart Agras, MD

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:189-194.

Objective  To understand the transition from breast- and bottle-feeding to solid-feeding and factors that might affect the duration of breast- and bottle-feeding.

Design  Cohort followed up from birth with relatively well-educated, middle-class parents.

Setting  Community sample recruited from 3 suburban newborn nurseries (a teaching hospital, community hospital, and large health maintenance organization).

Participants  One hundred ninety-one healthy full-term infants.

Measures  Assessment of feeding practices through the ages of complete weaning from breast- and bottle-feeding.

Results  More than 90% of participants breast-fed for at least 2 weeks. Infants of older mothers were weaned from the breast later than infants of younger mothers. First-born infants were weaned from the breast earlier than later-born infants. Eighty-four percent of infants bottle-fed at some time during the first year of life. More than 40% of the cohort was still receiving bottles at 24 months of age, 16% at 36 months, and 8% at 48 months. The duration of breast- and bottle-feeding was related to maternal work status; mothers who returned to work during the first 3 months postpartum weaned sooner from the breast and later from the bottle than women who returned to work after 3 months postpartum.

Conclusions  The frequency of late bottle-weaning in this well-educated, middle-class cohort was unexpected and was related to the timing of the mother's return to work. The impact of prolonged bottle-feeding on later growth and adiposity deserves further investigation.

From the Departments of Pediatrics (Dr Hammer) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Ms Bryson and Dr Agras), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.

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