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Martin Wennerström, MD; Sverker Hansson, MD, PhD; Ulf Jodal, MD, PhD; Eira Stokland, MD, PhD

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998;152:879-883.

Objective  To describe the disappearance of reflux in children with vesicoureteral reflux, in whom there are presently no population-based long-term studies.

Design  An unselected cohort of children with reflux detected after their first known symptomatic urinary tract infection was followed up prospectively for up to 15 years.

Setting  A single children's hospital in a distinct geographical area at which most children with symptomatic urinary tract infection were treated.

Patients  Two hundred thirty children—173 girls and 57 boys—with unilateral (n=130) and bilateral (n=100) reflux. Dilated reflux (grades III-V) was found in 54 patients (23.5%). The frequency of reflux was 34% in girls and 31% in boys who were examined after urinary tract infection.

Main Outcome Measure  Disappearance of reflux.

Results  The probability of spontaneous disappearance of reflux was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves based on 164 children who underwent multiple voiding cystourethrographies. There was a marked tendency for disappearance of reflux, with 73% of children with dilated reflux having no or only grade I reflux after 10 years. Shorter persistence of reflux was found in children with undilated reflux at the initial investigation and in boys compared with girls. However, age at first investigation was not related to the rate of disappearance, and there was no difference between children with bilateral compared with unilateral reflux.

Conclusions  This study of an unselected group of children with urinary tract infection shows a favorable long-term outcome concerning disappearance of reflux. In children with dilated reflux, this tendency was more pronounced than previously reported.

From the Departments of Pediatrics (Drs Wennerström, Hansson, and Jodal) and Pediatric Radiology (Dr Stokland), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.

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