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Patricia R. Hannon, MD; Anne K. Duggan, ScD; Janet R. Serwint, MD; Judy W. Vogelhut, CPNP; Frank Witter, MD; Catherine DeAngelis, MD

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151(5):490-496.

Abstract
Objective
To assess the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on lactation when it is given immediately post partum.

Design
Prospective cohort study with follow-up through 16 weeks post partum.

Setting
Urban teaching hospital in Baltimore, Md.

Participants
Consecutive sample (N=95) of mothers who were delivered of healthy, term newborns, had home telephones, received either medroxyprogesterone or nonhormonal contraception at discharge, and were currently breast-feeding their newborns.

Main Outcome Measures
Lactation (duration and frequency) and timing of first introduction of formula were measured by weekly telephone interviews.

Results
Maternal characteristics included the mean±SD maternal age (24±5 years), race (90% African American), history of pregnancy (63% multiparous), marital status or relationship (50% married or living with partner), and medical assistance (81% of the recipients received aid). Women who were receiving medroxyprogesterone (n=43) were older (P<.05) and were more likely to be married (P<.05) compared with those who were receiving nonhormonal contraception (n=52). No other factors that were likely to influence lactation were significantly different. Groups did not differ in the baseline-planned duration of lactation. Follow-up data were obtained on 90 women (96%). The groups were comparable in the duration of lactation (medroxyprogesterone: 98%, 74%, 55%, 47%, and 42% were breast-feeding at least once per day at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively [median, 10.14 weeks], vs nonhormonal contraception: 86%, 70%, 47%, 36%, and 30%, respectively [median, 6.57 weeks] [P=.19]). The percentage of subjects who were exclusively breast-feeding at these times and the timing of formula introduction also did not differ by group.

Conclusion
Medroxyprogesterone, when given to mothers in an urban community immediately after delivery, has no detrimental effect on the duration of lactation, frequency of lactation, and timing of introduction of formula within the first 16 weeks post partum.

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:490-496

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Pediatrics (Drs Hannon, Duggan, Serwint, and DeAngelis and Ms Vogelhut) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dr Witter), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. Dr Hannon is now with the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Illinois at Chicago.

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