 |
|
Cigarette Promotional Items in Public Schools
James D. Sargent, MD;
Madeline A. Dalton, PhD;
Michael Beach, MD, PhD;
Amy Bernhardt;
Deborah Pullin, CPNP;
Marguerite Stevens, PhD
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151(12):1189-1196.
Abstract
| |
Objectives
To assess the prevalence of ownership of cigarette promotional items (CPIs) by rural northern New England students and to examine the association between CPI ownership and smoking behavior.
Design and Setting
Voluntary, self-administered survey of 1265 sixth- through 12th-grade students representing 79% to 95% of all students attending 5 rural New Hampshire and Vermont public schools in October 1996. We examined the association between ownership of a CPI and smoking behavior through regression models and conducted a sensitivity analysis on the findings.
Main Outcome Measures
Adjusted odds of being a smoker (lifetime use of  100 cigarettes) and, among never smokers and experimental smokers, adjusted cumulative odds of having higher levels of smoking uptake given CPI ownership.
Results
One third of students owned a CPI. Prevalence of ownership did not vary by grade or sex, but was higher among poor-to-average school performers (45.0% vs 21.0% for excellent school performers, P<.001) and children whose friends and family members smoked (43.4% vs 13.8% for students with no family members or friends smoking, P<.001). Cigarette promotional items included articles of clothing (T-shirts, hats, backpacks, and jackets), smoking paraphernalia (lighters and ashtrays), camping gear, and electronics. More than half of CPIs (58.2%) bore the Marlboro logo, and almost one third (31.7%) bore the Camel logo. These items were obtained directly from catalogs or vendors 22.4% of the time. Whereas only 4.5% of students reported bringing a CPI to school with them the day of the survey, 44.5% reported seeing such an item at school the day of the survey. After controlling for confounding factors, such as having friends who smoke, students who owned CPIs were 4.1 times more likely to be smokers than those who did not own CPIs (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-5.5). Never and experimental smokers (n=1008) who owned CPIs were more likely to be in a higher category on the smoking uptake index in grades 6 (cumulative odds ratio [OR]=5.7,95% CI, 1.9-16.8), 7 (OR=1.8,95% CI, 0.9-3.7), 8 (OR=2.3, 95% CI, 1.1-4.8), and 9 (OR=2.1, 95% CI,1.1-3.9), periods when children are most vulnerable to initiating cigarette use. A sensitivity analysis indicated that an unmeasured confounder of CPI ownership and smoking was unlikely to alter our conclusions.
Conclusions
Cigarette promotional items are owned by one third of students in these rural northern New England schools. These items are highly visible in the public school setting, and their ownership is strongly associated with initiation and maintenance of smoking behavior. These data lend support to a ban on CPIs to be included in US Food and Drug Administration regulations to prevent tobacco use among US youth.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:1189-1196
Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Pediatrics (Drs Sargent and Dalton and Ms Pullin) and Community and Family Medicine (Drs Sargent, Beach, and Stevens) and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center (Drs Sargent, Dalton, and Stevens and Ms Bernhardt), Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH; and the Veterans' Affairs Medical Center (Dr Beach), White River Junction, Vt.
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter
What's this?
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Comparing the effects of entertainment media and tobacco marketing on youth smoking
Sargent et al.
Tobacco Control 2009;18:47-53.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO ALCOHOL ADVERTISING IN STORES, OWNING ALCOHOL PROMOTIONAL ITEMS, AND ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL USE
HURTZ et al.
Alcohol Alcohol 2007;42:143-149.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The Extent to Which Tobacco Marketing and Tobacco Use in Films Contribute to Children's Use of Tobacco: A Meta-analysis
Wellman et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006;160:1285-1296.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Tobacco promotion and the initiation of tobacco use: assessing the evidence for causality.
DiFranza et al.
Pediatrics 2006;117:e1237-e1248.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Progress and opportunities in tobacco control.
Cokkinides et al.
CA Cancer J Clin 2006;56:135-142.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Population Receptivity to Tobacco Advertising/ Promotions and Exposure to Anti-Tobacco Media: Effect of Master Settlement Agreement in California: 1992-2002
Gilpin et al.
Health Promot Pract 2004;5:91S-98S.
ABSTRACT
Alcohol Promotional Clothing Items and Alcohol Use by Underage Consumers
Workman
Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal 2003;31:331-354.
ABSTRACT
Tobacco Control for Clinicians Who Treat Adolescents
Sargent and DiFranza
CA Cancer J Clin 2003;53:102-123.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Favourite movie stars, their tobacco use in contemporary movies, and its association with adolescent smoking
Tickle et al.
Tobacco Control 2001;10:16-22.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Association of Adolescent Cigar Use With Other High-Risk Behaviors
Frazier et al.
Pediatrics 2000;106:26e-26.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Exposure to cigarette promotions and smoking uptake in adolescents: evidence of a dose-response relation
Sargent et al.
Tobacco Control 2000;9:163-168.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Children, Adolescents, and the Media: Issues and Solutions
Strasburger and Donnerstein
Pediatrics 1999;103:129-139.
FULL TEXT
Growth in Tobacco Promotion Overstated
Monmaney and Sargent
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998;152:513-514.
FULL TEXT
Predictors of Smoking Cessation in Adolescents
Sargent et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998;152:388-393.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
EFFECT OF CIGARETTE PROMOTIONAL ITEMS ON CHILDREN
JWatch General 1998;1998:5-5.
FULL TEXT
|
