Childhood lead poisoning and vinyl miniblind exposure
E. H. Norman, I. Hertz-Picciotto, D. A. Salmen and T. H. Ward
Division of Environmental Health, North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh, USA. edvnorman@deh.ehnr.state.nc.us
OBJECTIVE: To determine the contribution of vinyl miniblinds to childhood
lead poisoning. DESIGN: A descriptive investigation was undertaken to
estimate attributable risk among all reported childhood lead poisoning
cases in North Carolina for which home environmental sampling was conducted
between March and August 1996. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-two children, aged 6 to
72 months, identified through a statewide screening program were included.
Blood lead and environmental sampling test results were obtained from
routine surveillance data collected for all lead-poisoned children.
RESULTS: Exposure to vinyl miniblinds with dust lead levels of 100
micrograms/ft2 or more occurred for 44 (48%) of the lead-poisoned children;
25 (27%) of the children were exposed to levels of 500 micrograms/ft2 or
more. Vinyl miniblinds were the predominant source (ie, other major sources
of lead were not identified) for 8 (9%) of the children. Overall, the
median dust lead level for vinyl miniblind field samples was 590
micrograms/ft2, and the highest level reported was 73,302 micrograms/ft2.
Even new vinyl miniblinds manufactured before July 1996 contained dust lead
levels that on average exceeded 100 micrograms/ft2. The levels for recently
available nonleaded vinyl miniblinds were below the limits of detection.
CONCLUSIONS: Vinyl miniblinds, introduced into this country 10 years ago,
with sales estimated at 30 million sets a year, include brands containing
lead. Although new formulations with no lead added are available, millions
of children may still be at risk because a product recall has not been
issued (ie, lead-contaminated vinyl miniblinds are still in general use).
In addition, the risk assessment evaluations proposed in lieu of universal
blood lead screening for low-risk communities could overlook children with
exposure to this source.
