This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Bonita F. Stanton, MD; Xiaoming Li, PhD; Izabel Ricardo, PhD; Jennifer Galbraith, MA; Susan Feigelman, MD; Linda Kaljee, MA

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150(4):363-372.

Abstract
Background
Some interventions to reduce the risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that target youths have resulted in short-term increases in self-reported condom use. However, long-term intervention effects have not been assessed.

Study Question
Can a theoretically and culturally based, AIDS-risk reduction intervention delivered to naturally formed peer groups increase self-reported condom use among African-American early adolescents at 6 and 12 months of follow-up?

Methods
A randomized, controlled trial of a community-based intervention delivered in eight weekly sessions involved 76 naturally formed peer groups consisting of 383 (206 intervention and 177 control) African-American youths 9 to 15 years of age. A theory-based, culturally and developmentally tailored instrument that assessed perceptions, intentions, and self-reported sexual behaviors was administered to all subjects at baseline (preintervention) and 6 and 12 months later.

Results
At baseline, 36% of youths were sexually experienced, and by 12 months of follow-up, 49% were sexually experienced. Self-reported condom use rates were significantly higher among intervention than control youths (85% vs 61%; P<.05) at the 6-month follow-up. However, by 12 months, rates were no longer significantly higher among intervention youths. The intervention impact at 6 months was especially strong among boys (85% vs 57%; P<.05) and among early teens (13 to 15 years old) (95% vs 60%; P<.01). Self-reported condom use intention was also increased among intervention youths at 6 months but not at 12 months. Some perceptions were positively affected at 6 months, but the change did not persist at 12 months.

Conclusions
High rates of sexual intercourse underscore the urgent need for effective AIDS-risk reduction interventions that target low-income urban, African-American preteens and early teens. A developmentally and culturally tailored intervention based on social-cognitive theory and delivered to naturally formed peer groups recruited from community settings can increase self-reported condom use. The strong short-term improvements in behaviors and intentions followed by some relapse over longer periods argue for a strengthened program and research focus on sustainability.

(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:363-372)

Author Affiliations
From the Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Medical School (Drs Stanton, Li, Ricardo, and Feigelman and Mss Galbraith and Kaljee) and Center for Minority Health Research, University of Maryland (Drs Stanton, Li, and Ricardo and Ms Kaljee), Baltimore.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Exploring Implementation and Fidelity of Evidence-Based Behavioral Interventions for HIV Prevention: Lessons Learned From the Focus on Kids Diffusion Case Study
Galbraith et al.
Health Educ Behav 2009;36:532-549.
ABSTRACT  

Focus-on-Teens, sexual risk-reduction intervention for high-school adolescents: impact on knowledge, change of risk-behaviours, and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases
Gaydos et al.
Int J STD AIDS 2008;19:704-710.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Efficacy of a Parent-Based Sexual-Risk Prevention Program for African American Preadolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Forehand et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007;161:1123-1129.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reduction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Among Youth in Developing Countries
Deveaux et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007;161:1130-1139.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Reliability and Validity of a Group-Based Measure of Adolescents' Friendship Closeness
Beadnell et al.
Research on Social Work Practice 2007;17:707-719.
ABSTRACT  

A Brief, Low-Cost, Theory-Based Intervention to Promote Dual Method Use by Black and Latina Female Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Roye et al.
Health Educ Behav 2007;34:608-621.
ABSTRACT  

A decade in review: building on the experiences of past adolescent STI/HIV interventions to optimise future prevention efforts
Sales et al.
Sex. Transm. Infect. 2006;82:431-436.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Adapting Efficacious Interventions: Advancing Translational Research in HIV Prevention
Solomon et al.
Eval Health Prof 2006;29:162-194.
ABSTRACT  

HIV/STD Risk Reduction Interventions for African American and Latino Adolescent Girls at an Adolescent Medicine Clinic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jemmott et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159:440-449.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Randomized Trial of a Parent Intervention: Parents Can Make a Difference in Long-term Adolescent Risk Behaviors, Perceptions, and Knowledge
Stanton et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158:947-955.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Draw the Line/Respect the Line: A Randomized Trial of a Middle School Intervention to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors
Coyle et al.
AJPH 2004;94:843-851.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

HIV Prevention Research for African Americans: Current and Future Directions
Beatty et al.
Journal of Black Psychology 2004;30:40-58.
ABSTRACT  

The STD and HIV Epidemics in African American Youth: Reconceptualizing Approaches to Risk Reduction
Miller et al.
Journal of Black Psychology 2004;30:124-137.
ABSTRACT  

Social Science and Health Research: Growth at the National Institutes of Health
Bachrach and Abeles
AJPH 2004;94:22-28.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Building Teen Power for Sexual Health
Talashek et al.
J Transcult Nurs 2003;14:207-216.
ABSTRACT  

HIV Sexual Risk-Reduction Interventions for Youth: A Review and Methodological Critique of Randomized Controlled Trials
Pedlow and Carey
Behav Modif 2003;27:135-190.
ABSTRACT  

Interventions to Reduce Sexual Risk for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Adolescents, 1985-2000: A Research Synthesis
Johnson et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:381-388.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sustaining and Broadening Intervention Impact: A Longitudinal Randomized Trial of 3 Adolescent Risk Reduction Approaches
Wu et al.
Pediatrics 2003;111:e32-38.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Economic Evaluation of Safer Choices: A School-Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Pregnancy Prevention Program
Wang et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:1017-1024.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Correlates of Unprotected Vaginal Sex Among African American Female Adolescents: Importance of Relationship Dynamics
Crosby et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:893-899.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Parental Influence on Adolescent Sexual Behavior in High-Poverty Settings
Romer et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999;153:1055-1062.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Similarities in Sexual Activity and Condom Use among Friends within Groups before and after a Risk-Reduction Intervention
FANG et al.
Youth Society 1998;29:431-450.
ABSTRACT  

Abstinence and Safer Sex HIV Risk-Reduction Interventions for African American Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jemmott III et al.
JAMA 1998;279:1529-1536.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Evolution of Risk Behaviors Over 2 Years Among a Cohort of Urban African American Adolescents
Stanton et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:398-406.
ABSTRACT  

Challenges and Rewards of Involving Community in Research: An Overview of the "Focus on Kids" HIV Risk Reduction Program
Galbraith et al.
Health Educ Behav 1996;23:383-394.
ABSTRACT