You are seeing this message because your Web browser does not support basic Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.


ABOUT ARCHIVES
Advanced Search

Welcome   | My Account | E-mail Alerts | Access Rights | Sign In


  Vol. 150 No. 3, March 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Archives
  •  Online Features
  ARTICLES
 This Article
 •References
 •Full text PDF
 •Send to a friend
 • Save in My Folder
 •Save to citation manager
 •Permissions
 Citing Articles
 •Citation map
 •Citing articles on HighWire
 •Contact me when this article is cited
 Related Content
 •Similar articles in this journal
 Social Bookmarking
  Add to CiteULike Add to Connotea Add to Del.icio.us Add to Digg Add to Reddit Add to Technorati Add to Twitter What's this?

Sucrose as an Analgesic Agent for Infants During Immunization Injections

Keith D. Allen, PhD; Deborah D. White, MA; John N. Walburn, MD

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150(3):270-274.


Abstract

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of sucrose as an analgesic agent during routine immunization injections for infants (age range, 2 weeks to 18 months).

Study Design
Double-blind, randomized control trial.

Setting
Ambulatory care clinic of a large tertiary care center.

Participants
A consecutive sample of 285 infants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups.

Intervention
Subjects received either no intervention or drank 2 mL of sterile water or 2 mL of a 12% sucrose solution 2 minutes before administration of the immunization.

Main Outcome Measure
Infants were videotaped during immunization for later interval recording of pain-induced vocalizations.

Results
Results were analyzed by using two-way repeated measure analyses of variance. Two-week-old infants who received either the sterile water or sucrose solution cried significantly less than infants who received no intervention (F=5.92, P<.005). For older infants, those who received water or sucrose cried significantly less only if they were administered one injection rather than two injections (F=3.36, P<.05).

Conclusions
We found that when infants drank sucrose or sterile water, significantly fewer pain vocalizations were produced, but only for 2-week-old infants. For older infants, differences were found only when the number of injections was included in the analysis. We expand on previous findings by demonstrating that both the age of the child and the number of painful exposures can attenuate calming effects. In addition, the results suggest that in the absence of nonnutritive sucking, the actual analgesic effects of sucrose may be nonspecific. Further study is needed of the possible analgesic effects of sucrose.

(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:270-274)



Author Affiliations

From the Division of Pediatric Psychology, Meyer Rehabilitation Institute (Dr Allen and Ms White) and the Department of Pediatrics (Drs Allen and Walburn and Ms White), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.



Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Effectiveness of sucrose analgesia in newborns undergoing painful medical procedures
Taddio et al.
CMAJ 2008;179:37-43.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Analgesic Properties of Oral Sucrose During Routine Immunizations: In Reply
Hatfield et al.
Pediatrics 2008;121:1295-1295.
FULL TEXT  

Analgesic Properties of Oral Sucrose During Routine Immunizations
Dilli
Pediatrics 2008;121:1294-1295.
FULL TEXT  

Analgesic Properties of Oral Sucrose During Routine Immunizations at 2 and 4 Months of Age
Hatfield et al.
Pediatrics 2008;121:e327-e334.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Pain Reduction During Pediatric Immunizations: Evidence-Based Review and Recommendations
Schechter et al.
Pediatrics 2007;119:e1184-e1198.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sugar Solution Analgesia: The Effects of Glucose on Expressed Mu Opioid Receptors
Kracke et al.
Anesth. Analg. 2005;101:64-68.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effective Pain Reduction for Multiple Immunization Injections in Young Infants
Reis et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:1115-1120.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Behavioral Interventions Reduce Infant Distress at Immunization
Felt et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:719-724.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Randomised trial of analgesic effects of sucrose, glucose, and pacifiers in term neonates
Carbajal et al.
BMJ 1999;319:1393-1397.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Use of sucrose as a treatment for infant colic • Commentary
Markestad; and BELL
Arch. Dis. Child. 1997;76:356-358.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  





HOME | CURRENT ISSUE | PAST ISSUES | TOPIC COLLECTIONS | SUBMIT | SUBSCRIBE | HELP
CONDITIONS OF USE | PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US | SITE MAP
 
© 1996 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.