Breast-feeding in a Low-Income Population: Program to Increase Incidence and Duration

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170200088014

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Vol. 149 No. 7, July 1995

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Breast-feeding in a Low-Income Population

Program to Increase Incidence and Duration

Nancy B. Brent, MD, IBCLC; Beverly Redd, IBCLC; April Dworetz, MD, MPH; Frank D'Amico, PhD; J. Joseph Greenberg, MD

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149(7):798-803.

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of an intervention program to increasebreast-feeding in a low-income, inner-city population.

Design
A randomized, nonblinded clinical control trial. Patients werefollowed up through pregnancy, delivery, and the first yearof the infant's life or until the time of weaning from the breast,whichever came first.

Setting
The ambulatory care center for prenatal and pediatric care andthe inpatient maternity unit of a primary care center that servesa low-income, inner-city population.

Patients
There were a total of 108 patients: 51 were randomized to theintervention group that received prenatal and postnatal lactationinstruction from a lactation consultant, and 57 were randomizedto the control group that received the standard of care at theinstitution. Patients in the control group were not seen bythe lactation consultant. The two groups were similar demographically.

Intervention
This program consisted of individual prenatal lactation consultation,daily rounds by the lactation consultant on the postpartum unit,and outpatient follow-up at 48 hours after discharge, at thetime that the infant was 1 week of age, and at all future healthsupervision visits for infants up to 1 year of age.

Main Outcome Measures
The incidence and duration of breast-feeding.

Results
There was a markedly higher incidence of breast-feeding in theintervention group, as compared with that of the control group(61% vs 32%, respectively; P=.002). The duration of breast-feedingwas also significantly longer in the intervention group (P=.005).

Conclusions
This lactation program increased the incidence and durationof breast-feeding in our low-income cohort. We suggest thatsimilar efforts that are applied to analogous populations mayincrease the incidence and duration of breast-feeding in low-incomepopulations in the United States.

(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149:798-803)

Author Affiliations

From The Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh (Pa) and Department of Pediatrics, Mercy Children's Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Drs Brent, Dworetz, and Greenberg and Ms Redd), and the Department of Mathematics, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh (Dr D'Amico). Dr Dworetz is now affiliated with the Department of Pediatrics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh.

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