Longitudinal Assessment of Growth in Children Born to Mothers With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170180027004

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Vol. 149 No. 5, May 1995

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Longitudinal Assessment of Growth in Children Born to Mothers With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Jose M. Saavedra, MD; Robin A. Henderson, PhD; Jay A. Perman, MD; Nancy Hutton, MD; Robert A. Livingston, MD; Robert H. Yolken, MD

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149(5):497-502.

Abstract

Objectives
To describe and to evaluate the longitudinal growth of childrenborn to mothers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Design
Measurements of weight, length (measured in infants in a recumbentposition) and height (measured in older children in an uprightposition), and head circumference were documented and evaluatedlongitudinally using generalized estimating equations in a groupof children born to HIV-infected mothers. Children infectedwith HIV were compared with uninfected children and with NationalCenter for Health Statistics standards.

Setting
Primary care clinic in an urban hospital devoted to the medicalcare of children born to HIV-infected mothers.

Patients
One hundred nine children born to HIV-infected mothers, 59 HIV-infectedand 50 uninfected, between birth and 70 months of age.

Results
The mean birth weights of both groups were below the 50th percentile.While the mean weight-for-age curve of uninfected children attainedthe 50th percentile by age 24 months, the mean birth weight-for-agecurve of HIV-infected children remained below the 50th percentile.Weight gain became significantly different between the two groupsby age 36 months. The mean birth length-for-age curves of HIV-infectedand uninfected children was also below the 50th percentile.The mean height-for-age curve of uninfected children attainedthe 50th percentile by age 40 months, while that of HIV-infectedchildren remained well below the 50th percentile. Linear growthbetween HIV-infected and uninfected children diverged earlierthan weight, becoming significantly different by age 15 months.

Conclusions
Although children born to HIV-infected mothers are born withweight and length below the 50th percentile, uninfected childrencatch up, while HIV-infected children remain below the 50thpercentile and experience an earlier and more pronounced decreasein linear growth (height-for-age) than in weight-for-age.

(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149:497-502)

Author Affiliations

From the Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.

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