Objective
To test the hypothesis that sleep disruptions would be evident in 3-year-old children with a history of prenatal marijuana exposure.
Design
A prospective study using stratified random sampling beginning in the fourth month of pregnancy. Marijuana and other substance use were assessed by interviews at multiple time points. Offspring were followed up through age 3 years with multidomain assessments at fixed time points, including electroencephalographic sleep studies in the newborn period and at age 3 years.
Setting
Primary care, prenatal clinic at a university hospital.
Subjects
The sample included 18 children with prenatal marijuana exposure (mean [±SD] age, 39.0±4.4 months) and 20 control children (mean [±SD] age, 39.7±4.4 months). The two groups were similar in relationship to maternal age, race, income, education, or maternal use of alcohol, nicotine, and other substances in the first trimester.
Main Outcome Measure
Sleep variables from polysomnographic recordings at age 3 years.
Results
Children with prenatal marijuana exposure showed more nocturnal arousals (mean [±SD], 8.2±5.3 vs 3.2±4.6; P<.003), more awake time after sleep onset (mean [±SD], 27.4±20.0 vs 13.7±12.4 min; P<.03),and lower sleep efficiency (mean [±SD], 91.0±3.8 vs 94.4±2.1; P<.03) than did control children.
Conclusion
Prenatal marijuana exposure was associated with disturbed nocturnal sleep at age 3 years.
(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149:145-150)
