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  Vol. 149 No. 1, January 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Delivery Room

Associated Clinical Events

Jeffrey M. Perlman, MB; Rick Risser, MS

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149(1):20-25.


Abstract



Objectives
To determine (1) what percentage of infants require chest compressions and medications as part of resuscitation in the delivery room, (2) the associated clinical events contributing to neonatal depression, and (3) the neonatal outcome of such children.

Design
Observational study.

Setting
Urban county hospital.

Results
For 2 years, 39 (0.12%) of 30 839 infants were administered chest compressions and/or epinephrine as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the delivery room. Fifteen were term infants and 24 were premature. Five term infants had evidence of severe fetal acidemia (FA) (umbilical cord arterial pH <7.00 and/or base deficit ≥–14 mEq/L); two died secondary to severe brain injury, and the neurologic examination showed abnormalities in the three survivors. The 10 infants without severe FA exhibited an uncomplicated neonatal course. Five infants had evidence of severe FA; the neurologic examination showed abnormalities in four. Of the remaining 19 infants without severe FA, four died and five additional infants have moderate to severe brain injury. Abnormal outcome was more likely to occur with severe FA (P<.002). The presumed clinical events contributing to the neonatal depression were severe FA (n=10), malpositioning of the endotracheal tube (n=5), and ineffective or improper initial ventilatory support (n=24).

Conclusions
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the delivery room, resulting in administration of chest compressions and medications, is a rare event. Approximately one third of the infants had evidence of severe FA; in the remaining two thirds, ineffective or improper initial ventilatory support was the presumed mechanism for the continued neonatal depression. The appropriate therapeutic response to continuing neonatal depression should be to optimize ventilatory support before administering chest compressions or medications.

(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149:20-25)



Author Affiliations



From the Departments of Pediatrics (Mr Perlman) and Academic Computing (Mr Risser), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.



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