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Eradication of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease in Southern California
constance M. Vadheim, PhD;
David P. Greenberg, MD;
Eileen Eriksen, MPH;
Leslie Hemenway;
Nancie Bendana, PHN;
Laurene Mascola, MD;
Joel I. Ward, MD;
The Kaiser-UCLA Vaccine Study Group
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148(1):51-56.
Abstract
Objective
To assess the effects of Haemophilus influenzae vaccination of infants.
Research Design
We evaluated H influenzae type b (Hib) disease rates in Los Angeles County, California (population, 9 million; 1983 through 1992), and in the Southern California Kaiser Health Plan (2.5 million enrollees; 1988 through 1992) during the past decade. Cases were obtained through active and passive disease surveillance in the two populations. The following vaccines were used during the study period (1983 through 1992): (1) Hib polysaccharide vaccine (polyribosyl ribitol phosphate) (used from 1985 through 1987 for children 24 through 60 months of age); (2) Hib polysaccharide-diphtheriatoxoid conjugate, Hib polysaccharide CRM197 mutant diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine, and Hib polysaccharide outer-membrane protein of group B meningococcus conjugate vaccine in older children (1988 through 1990; ages 15 through 60 months); and (3) Hib polysaccharide CRM197 mutant diphtheria toxoidconjugate vaccine and Hib polysaccharide outer-membrane protein of group B meningococcus conjugate vaccine used in infants (1991 through 1992).
Measurements and Results
Between 1983 and 1988, the Hib disease incidence in Los Angeles County was unchanged (32.7 to 42.5/100 000 person-years in children younger than 5 years). In 1989 through 1990, before Hib conjugate licensure for infant use, Hib disease rates in all age groups declined. After licensure of Hib vaccines for infants in 1990, there was a further fivefold decrease in infants. More dramatic decreases occurred in the better-immunized Kaiser Health Plan children aged 0 through 60 months (53 cases in 1989, only two cases in 1992).
Conclusions
The Hib disease has been nearly eradicated in a fully immunized population (Kaiser Health Plan), and significant reductions have also occurred in Los Angeles County.
(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:51-56)
Author Affiliations
From the UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, Research and Education Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Calif (Drs Vadheim, Greenberg, and Ward and Mss Eriksen and Hemenway); Acute Communicable Disease Division, Los Angeles County Health Department, Los Angeles, Calif (Ms Bendana and Dr Mascola); and the Kaiser Foundation Hospitals and Medical Clinics.
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