This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Richard L. Levenson, Jr, PsyD; Claude Ann Mellins, PhD; Rezi Zawadzki, MS; Ram Kairam, MD; Zena Stein, MD

Am J Dis Child. 1992;146(12):1479-1483.

Abstract
• Objective.
—To determine (1) the level of impairment in cognitive and motor functioning in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed and HIV-infected preschool and school-age children; (2) cognitive strengths and weaknesses that characterize HIV-infected children; and (3) potential contributions of serostatus, neurologic impairment, and prenatal drug-exposure to cognitive functioning.

Design.
—Cross-sectional, single-blind study.

Setting.
—Pediatric neurology clinic at a large metropolitan hospital in New York, NY.

Participants.
—Forty-one HIV-infected and eight seroreverter school-age children.

Interventions.
—The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities were administered to all children, as was the Neurologic Examination for Children.

Measurements/Main Results.
—The obtained mean of the sample on the McCarthy Scales' General Cognitive Index was in the Borderline range, with 44% of the subjects scoring in the Mentally Retarded range. The most severe cognitive deficits were found on the Quantitative, Verbal, and Memory scales (Borderline range). Children infected with HIV with neurologic impairment performed significantly worse than did seroreverters and neurologically normal HIV-infected children. There were no significant differences in cognitive functioning due to gender, ethnicity, and prenatal drug exposure.

Conclusions.
—Cognitive deficits were detected in HIV-infected and seroreverted children. The presence of neurologic dysfunction in HIV-infected children markedly intensified these deficits.

(AJDC. 1992;146:1479-1483)

Author Affiliations
From the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York (Drs Levenson, Mellins, Kairam, and Stein and Ms Zawadzki), and St Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, St Luke's Site Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, New York (Drs Levenson and Kairam).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication July 2, 1992.

Presented in part at the VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, Italy, June 19, 1991.

Reprint requests to 269 W 72nd St, Suite 16B, New York, NY 10023 (Dr Levenson).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Health, Neurologic, and Cognitive Status of HIV-Infected, Long-Surviving, and Antiretroviral-Naive Ugandan Children
Bagenda et al.
Pediatrics 2006;117:729-740.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effects of Perinatal HIV Infection and Associated Risk Factors on Cognitive Development Among Young Children
Smith et al.
Pediatrics 2006;117:851-862.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Ugandan Infants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Drotar et al.
Pediatrics 1997;100:e5-e5.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT