Breath-Holding Spells in Childhood

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160130127035

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Vol. 146 No. 1, January 1992

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Breath-Holding Spells in Childhood

Francis J. DiMario, Jr, MD

Am J Dis Child. 1992;146(1):125-131.

Abstract

• Childhood breath-holding spells are a common and frighteningphenomenon occurring in healthy, otherwise normal children.They have been well recognized for several hundred years. Thereappear to be two clinical forms: the cyanotic type and the pallidtype, referring to the color change exhibited by the child duringthe episode. Prior research concerning the underlying pathophysiologicmechanisms involved in breath-holding spells has implicatedan autonomic nervous system dysregulation. Cerebral anoxia isthe ultimate factor responsible for the loss of consciousnessobserved in the severe forms of breath-holding spells. The clinicaland epidemiologic aspects of breath-holding spells are hereinsummarized. The pertinent respiratory and neural physiologicinteractions involved are delineated, as well as practical treatmentapproaches.

(AJDC. 1992;146:125-131)

Author Affiliations

From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington.

Footnotes

Accepted for publication October 7, 1991.

Reprint requests to Department of Pediatrics, Division of PediatricNeurology, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington,CT 06030 (Dr DiMario).

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