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Francis J. DiMario, Jr, MD

Am J Dis Child. 1992;146(1):125-131.

Abstract
• Childhood breath-holding spells are a common and frightening phenomenon occurring in healthy, otherwise normal children. They have been well recognized for several hundred years. There appear to be two clinical forms: the cyanotic type and the pallid type, referring to the color change exhibited by the child during the episode. Prior research concerning the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in breath-holding spells has implicated an autonomic nervous system dysregulation. Cerebral anoxia is the ultimate factor responsible for the loss of consciousness observed in the severe forms of breath-holding spells. The clinical and epidemiologic aspects of breath-holding spells are herein summarized. The pertinent respiratory and neural physiologic interactions involved are delineated, as well as practical treatment approaches.

(AJDC. 1992;146:125-131)

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication October 7, 1991.

Reprint requests to Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 (Dr DiMario).

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