Antecedents of cerebral palsy. I. Univariate analysis of risks
K. B. Nelson and J. H. Ellenberg
A large prospective study investigated prenatal and perinatal antecedents
of chronic motor dysfunction (cerebral palsy [CP]), evaluating
approximately 400 characteristics of the mothers, pregnancies, or
deliveries. In addition to confirming some, but not all, of the classic
risk factors for CP, this study observed relatively large increases in the
CP rate in association with maternal mental retardation, seizure disorders,
hyperthyroidism, or with the administration of thyroid hormone and estrogen
in pregnancy. Some risk factors were predictive of CP only insofar as they
were associated with low birth weight or low Apgar scores. Among factors
not significantly related to CP rate were maternal age, parity,
socioeconomic status, smoking history, maternal diabetes, first trimester
vaginal bleeding, kidney or bladder infection, moderate hypertension, long
cord, use of anesthetic agents, or use of oxytoxics for initiation or
augmentation of labor. Duration of labor, whether precipitate or prolonged,
was not a risk factor for CP.
Prevalence and pathogenesis of congenital anomalies in cerebral palsy
Pharoah
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007;92:F489-F493.
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Advances in Understanding Cerebral Palsy Syndromes After Prematurity
Romantseva and Msall
NeoReviews 2006;7:e575-e585.
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The Apgar Score: In Reply
Martin and Stark
Pediatrics 2006;118:1315-1316.
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Pathophysiology of Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia and the Prospects for Repair from Endogenous and Exogenous Stem Cells
Covey and Levison
NeoReviews 2006;7:e353-e362.
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Cerebral Palsy and the Application of the International Criteria for Acute Intrapartum Hypoxia.
Strijbis et al.
Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:1357-1365.
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Cerebral palsy and socioeconomic status: a retrospective cohort study
Sundrum et al.
Arch. Dis. Child. 2005;90:15-18.
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Chorioamnionitis as a Risk Factor for Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis
Wu and Colford
JAMA 2000;284:1417-1424.
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Antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: the Western Australian case-control study
Badawi et al.
BMJ 1998;317:1549-1553.
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Maternal hypertension and neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants
Gray et al.
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1998;79:88F-93.
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Apgar Scores as Predictors of Chronic Neurologic Disability, by Karin B. Nelson, MD, and Jonas H. Ellenberg, PhD, Pediatrics, 1981;68:36-44
Golden
Pediatrics 1998;102:262-265.
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Uncertain Value of Electronic Fetal Monitoring in Predicting Cerebral Palsy
Nelson et al.
NEJM 1996;334:613-619.
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Predictors of neonatal encephalopathy in full term infants
Adamson et al.
BMJ 1995;311:598-602.
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