Determination of nicotine concentrations in human milk
B. B. Ferguson, D. J. Wilson and W. Schaffner
A total of 34 samples of human milk from 15 donors was analyzed for
nicotine content, using a new method of sample preparation and subsequent
quantification by gas chromatography. Nicotine was not found in the six
samples of milk from non-smokers. The 28 samples from smokers contained an
average of 91 parts per billion (ppb) nicotine (ranging from less than 20
ppb to 512 ppb). While no adverse effects to the infant due to nicotine in
human milk have been documented, this method of analysis will allow
systematic monitoring of nicotine concentrations in the milk of lactating
women. These results should not be used to deter breast-feeding; rather,
they offer another reason for mothers to reduce or cease smoking.
